KURDSHOP

Mana

1. Expression, intention in speech or writing; 2. Meaning; 3. Similar; 4. In the Avesta, it means Lord; 5. They were an ancient Kurdish tribe that lived down the Urmia Sea, and then when they came to power, they moved their capital to the city of Ziviyeh or Izirtu, 50 kilometers from Saqqez. The oldest state in East Kurdistan was the Mannaite state, which was the first unified state in the region and had a large military power and economic capacity to stand against the Assyrians and the Urartus. Its history dates back to the beginning of the first millennium and the end of the second millennium BC, when the Aryans came from the northeast to the west. The Manas were part of the union of the Loloi and Gothic tribes that separated from the Zagros Mountains, and their territory covered the area east of Lake Urmia to the southwest of the Caspian Sea, especially between Maragha to Saqqez and Bokan. Rosa I, the first king of the Urartus, captured 22 fortresses or 22 cities in his attack on the Mannaeans, but Sargon, the second king of Assyria, returned from Rwandz and Haji Omeran to Piranshahr and Sindus from 715 to 716 BC From Indraqash and Qumqala of Mahabad to Miandoab, he reached Shiz, the fireplace of Azer Gushasp, and then went to Sayinqala (Shahin dezh), which was then called Awkan. There, he brutally destroyed the Mannaites, but they remained intact until the Medes conquered their land; According to the English Encyclopedia, the Mannaeans were surrounded by three great powers of their time: Assyria, Urartus, and Medes, but after the invasion of the Sakaeans and the emergence of Medes in the seventh century BC, they lost their identity and came under the rule of the Medes. The greatest enemy of the Mannas was the Assyrian state, which was later conquered by the Medes. See the two words manai and manian.

Qandil/ Ghandil

1. Snow, icicle; 2. Lampstand, a lamp hanging from the ceiling.

Khosar

Self-willed, someone who acts without thinking.

Roniya

In Kurmanji dialect means light.

Zaitoun

A tree and fruit that is common in northern and southwestern Kurdistan of Turkey and Syria.

Snur

The line between two lands, border.

Chapak

1. Villages and houses away from public roads; 2. A left-handed person; 3. Villages or gardens far from the road.